#FactCheck: Viral Video Showing Pakistan Shot Down Indian Air Force' MiG-29 Fighter Jet

Introduction

As AI becomes more deeply integrated into everyday life and industries, Google Cloud is increasing its investment in AI-ready data centres worldwide, with India emerging as a key part of its expansion plans. Thomas Kurian’s latest India visit highlighted Google Cloud’s expanding ambitions in the country. Beyond the $15 billion, 1GW Visakhapatnam data centre announced in October 2025, Google is planning a larger multi-year AI infrastructure push, backed by partnerships with major enterprises across banking, healthcare, and digital services. This reflects a shift where countries are not only competing to create advanced AI technologies but also to build the infrastructure needed to support and lead the future AI economy. But it's worth being precise about what "building infrastructure" actually means here because it is private, foreign-headquartered capital constructing facilities on Indian soil, under terms that remain largely opaque to the public that will depend on them. That distinction matters more than the investment headline suggests.

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The Promise and Pressure of Google’s Full-Stack AI Strategy
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For decades, data centres were mainly built to store information, host websites, and support cloud applications. The rise of generative AI has completely changed that role. Today's systems need massive computing power both to train models on huge datasets and to run them every time someone generates content or automates a task. It is distinguished from traditional workloads mainly due to relying on proprietary technologies like GPU or TPU, alongside advanced networking and dynamic storage systems that complement each other and work in unison. The efforts of Google to create its own TPUs are understandable as they played a vital role in a number of achievements made by Google DeepMind. Today, the companies, government entities, and people turning to AI solutions put enormous pressure on the processing of data.

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The companies that are building this infrastructure are shaping ecosystems on which others will depend on. Google’s “full stack” approach that infers controlling everything from chips and AI models to cloud platforms and applications which may improve efficiency and reduce costs, but it also creates deeper dependence on a single provider. Like a hospital adopting an AI platform is not just purchasing software; over time, its data systems, workflows, and operations can become closely tied to the underlying cloud ecosystem.

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This concern when viewed against the concentration of the global cloud market: Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud together control roughly two-thirds of global cloud infrastructure, making them the dominant gatekeepers of enterprise computing. As these same companies move upward into AI models and applications while controlling the compute layer beneath them, the debate is no longer only about market share, it is about control over the entire AI value chain.
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Why Location Matters and Why It Isn't Enough
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In traditional internet services, a delay of a few milliseconds rarely mattered. However, future AI applications like autonomous vehicles, AI-assisted diagnostics, automated factory robotics will demand near-instant decision-making and cannot always depend on servers thousands of kilometres away. Regional data centres reduce that latency, which matters especially for India, where hundreds of millions are expected to interact with AI-powered services in the coming years. There is also the question of data sovereignty, and this is where the infrastructure narrative gets ahead of the regulatory reality. Governments worldwide are increasingly concerned about where citizens' and companies' data is stored and processed and local data centres are presented as the answer, but physical proximity does not automatically translate into legal accountability. Google has acknowledged that it bills cloud revenue through whichever global entity corresponds to the data centre being accessed which means an Indian client's spending on Google Cloud infrastructure inside India may still not be booked, taxed, or contractually governed as an Indian transaction. Google Cloud India Pvt. Ltd reported just ₹2,065.4 crore in FY25 revenue, strikingly disconnected from the scale of a $15 billion facility and its roster of major Indian clients. Servers on Indian soil do not by themselves guarantee that India captures the tax base, the leverage, or the oversight that "data sovereignty" implies.

This gap is widened by where India's own data protection framework stands. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 leaves retention periods and purpose limitation loosely specified under Sections 8(7) and 12, and its enforcement rules are still being finalised. When hospitals or banks process data through a foundation-model platform like Gemini Enterprise, questions like where processing occurs and what audit trail exists for cross-border flows are not resolved by a local data centre's presence. At present, they rely mostly on vendor assurance rather than independent verification.
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Economic Opportunities: More Than Just Servers
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AI data centres are often imagined as buildings filled with computers, but their economic impact extends further, into energy systems, construction, engineering, semiconductor supply chains, and skilled technical work. Countries hosting these facilities can benefit from investment and job creation, while local businesses gain access to AI tools without building expensive infrastructure of their own.

For India, expanded AI infrastructure could support ambitions to become a global technology hub, and could narrow the gap in access to high-performance computing that has historically disadvantaged smaller companies and researchers. That potential is real. But it should be weighed against the terms on which it arrives, whether the economic value generated is captured domestically through tax revenue and enforceable local accountability, or whether India functions primarily as a hosting site while value accrues elsewhere. The current revenue-booking structure suggests the latter is, at minimum, a live risk rather than a settled question. 

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The Environmental Challenge of AI Expansion
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However, what remains less discussed is the environmental cost behind this expansion from its impact on the power grid and water required for cooling to clearing use of renewable energy. A 1GW facility, the scale for the Visakhapatnam project is comparable to the output of a mid-sized power plant dedicated entirely to compute demand. As models grow larger and adoption accelerates, this level of energy and water consumption has become one of the central concerns of the global AI infra. As much attention as the investment figures receive, the sustainability issue behind such large-scale infrastructure deserves equal visibility.

The Future: AI Infrastructure as National Infrastructure
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The expansion of Google Cloud's AI data centres show a change in how the world views computing. Data centres are no longer invisible facilities operating in the background; they are becoming strategic infrastructure comparable to power grids and telecom networks. That comparison should prompt that infrastructure this consequential is usually made subject to public oversight, licensing conditions, and accountability mechanisms proportionate to its importance which is missing so far. Google Cloud's investment and the compute capacity it brings will lower barriers for Indian enterprises and researchers who have long lacked access to frontier-scale infrastructure. Against this backdrop, India needs to develop the regulatory, tax, and competition frameworks to ensure that the foundation serves the country hosting it, rather than the company that owns it.
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Beyond Compute: The Emerging Question of AI Sovereignty
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The next phase of the AI race may not be defined only by who builds the most capable models, but by who governs the infrastructure, standards, and decision making systems that those models depend upon. As advances in artificial general intelligence and discussions around superintelligence move from research laboratories into policy circles, control over compute resources is becoming a matter of strategic importance comparable to control over energy reserves or communication networks. Nations that rely entirely on external providers for advanced AI infrastructure may eventually find themselves dependent not merely for technology services, but for economic productivity, public administration, healthcare delivery, and national security capabilities. For India, the challenge is therefore larger than attracting investment. It is about ensuring meaningful domestic participation in ownership, governance, talent development, and oversight so that the intelligence systems shaping the future remain aligned with national priorities and public interest.

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References
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1. https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/google-will-set-up-more-ai-data-centres-in-india-as-demand-grows-says-cloud-business-ceo-thomas-kurian-11783422758078.html 

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Introduction

The .com boom led to a massive surge in the expansion of digitised and automated operations in all industries and organisations, which in turn beagle a wholesome transition to the digital age for all netizens, organisations and industries. All the big techs in today’s time were startups or not even in existence back when this boom began, but just in 3-4 decades, we see that a massive faction of the global population is dependent directly or indirectly on big techs for some or the other services. As the world of tech expands, so does the big tech, and hence, in the previous decades, we have seen some acquisitions by big tech companies. The biggest acquisition by tech was last seen in 2023 when the social media giant Facebook (Now META) acquired the famous messaging platform Whatsapp for $13 Billion, but now, almost after a decade, the world is ready to witness the biggest acquisition as Adobe confirms its plans to acquire Figma the leading web-first collaborative design platform.

Adobe - Figma Acquisition  

The illustrator developer Adobe has been the pioneer in developing designing tools since 1982. The founder of the company made a switch from the paper company Xerox, and hence, the operations and products of the company have been oriented towards paper and design. But as the company is already a pioneer in developing designing and editing tools, the impact of AI cannot be underestimated. Hence, this acquisition comes at a critical juncture in impacting the AI-driven product market.  

Adobe wants to use digital experiences to transform the world. Adobe provides the tools and platforms that power the digital economy today, and over the course of its existence, its innovations have positively impacted billions of people worldwide. Adobe continues to invent and modify categories, having revolutionised photography and creative expression with Photoshop, pioneered electronic documents with PDF, and created the digital marketing category with Adobe Experience Cloud.

The goals of Figma are to facilitate visual teamwork and provide accessibility to design for all. The company, which was founded in 2012 by Dylan Field and Evan Wallace, was a pioneer in online product design. Thanks to multi-player workflows, advanced design systems, and a large, expandable developer environment, it is now enabling collaboration for anybody designing interactive mobile and online applications. Millions of fresh designers and developers, as well as a devoted student base, have been drawn to Figma.

By working together, Adobe and Figma will transform how people create and work, spur innovation on the web, improve product design, and uplift communities of creators, designers, and developers throughout the world. The combined business will have the capacity to create major value for clients, investors, and the industry, in addition to a sizable and rapidly expanding market potential.

Key Features of Acquisition

The most expensive acquisition this century has caught the attention of a lot of companies and regulatory authorities across the world. The key features of the deal are as follows: 

• Reimagining the Future of Creativity and Productivity: The designing giant Adobe and Figma coming together will unlock new potential for creativity and productivity as both of the companies create tools which are widely used; hence, they understand the customer’s requirements and expectations, thus making a path for creativity and productivity in term of new services and applications.    
• Accelerating Creativity on the Web: Adobe's Creative Cloud technologies will be delivered online more quickly thanks to Figma's web-based, multi-player features, which will increase productivity and accessibility to the creative process for more people. The current difficulty facing creators is producing an ever-increasing amount of material while working closely with an ever-increasing number of stakeholders. With its widespread use, the web is now a tool that facilitates collaborative creation in teams.
• Advancing Product Design: All parties involved in the product design process, including designers, product managers, and developers, will gain from the integration of Adobe's robust imaging, photography, illustration, video, 3D, and font technologies into the Figma platform. Because digital applications are integral to both our personal and professional lives, the product design sector is experiencing rapid expansion. 
• Inspiring and empowering the designer and developer community: The company's ongoing innovation has been fueled by the dynamic creative community at Adobe. With its vast and expanding ecosystem, Figma boasts a fervent community that creates and shares everything from templates to plug-ins to lessons. By uniting the communities of Figma and Adobe, designers and developers will be able to harness the potential of collaborative design in the future. By 2025, Figma's addressable market will reach a total of $16.5 billion. With best-in-class net dollar retention of more than 150 percent, the company is predicted to add around $200 million in net new ARR this year, topping $400 million in total ARR by the end of 2022. Figma has established a productive, rapidly expanding company with operating cash flows that are positive and gross margins of over 90%.

Conclusion

The acquisition of the decade is going to be under heavy scrutiny and checks under various laws in different countries and is expected to be given the green light soon, this merger and acquisition case study will act as a precedent for such high-value acquisitions. Nearly 10 years ago, we saw the last biggest acquisition, where Meta acquired WhatsApp for $13 Bn. As the world of tech moves forward, we will be witnessing more of such M&As in the future, but in such moments, we should be cautious about how our data is handled and transferred by the other company, always make sure you keep a check on your digital rights and responsibilities, because ultimately we are the consumers of the cyberspace.

References

• https://news.adobe.com/news/news-details/2022/Adobe-to-Acquire-Figma/default.aspx
• https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/26/regulator_delays_adobes_20bn_buy/
• https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/adobes-deal-acquire-figma-under-threat-eu-regulators-ft-2023-06-20/'

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Executive Summary:

CVE 2024-3094 is a backdoor vulnerability recently found in Kali Linux installations that happened between March 26th to 29th. This vulnerability was found in XZ package version 5.6.0 to 5.6.1. It could allow the malicious actor to compromise SSHD authentication, and grant unauthorized access to the entire system remotely. The users who have installed or updated Kali Linux during the said time are advised to update their system to safeguard against this vulnerability. 

The Dangerous Backdoor

The use of the malicious implant found in XZ Utils as a remote code execution tool makes it more dangerous, because of its ability to compromise the affected systems. Initially, researchers believed the vulnerability enabled an authentication bypass for the OpenSSH server (SSHD) process. However, further analysis revealed it is better characterized as a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.

The backdoor intercepts the RSA_public_decrypt function, verifies the host's signature using a fixed Ed448 key, and if successful, executes malicious code passed by the attacker via the system() function. This leaves no trace in SSHD logs and makes it difficult to detect the vulnerability. 

Impacted Linux Distributions

The compromised versions of XZ Utils have been found in the following Linux distributions released in March 2024:

• Kali Linux (between March 26 and March 29)
• openSUSE Tumbleweed and openSUSE MicroOS (March 7 to March 28)
• Fedora 41, Fedora Rawhide, and Fedora Linux 40 beta
• Debian (testing, unstable, and experimental distributions only)
• Arch Linux container images (February 29 to March 29)
• Meanwhile, distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise, openSUSE Leap, and Debian Stable are not believed to be affected.

How Did This Happen?

The malicious code appears to have been inserted by taking advantage of a typical control transfer vulnerability. The original maintainer of the XZ Libs project on GitHub handed over control of the repository to an account that had been contributing to various data compression-related projects for several years. It was at this point that the backdoor was implanted in the project code.

Fortunately, the Potential Disaster Was Averted

As per Igor Kuznetsov, head of Kaspersky's Global Research and Analysis Team (GReAT), the vulnerability CVE-2024-3094 is considered as the largest scale attack that has happened in the Linux ecosystem history. Because it targeted the primary remote management tool for Linux servers on the internet which is  SSH servers.  

As this vulnerability was detected in the testing and rolling distributions in the short period of time, where the latest software packages are used. This results to the minimum damage to the linux users and so far no case of CVE-2024-3094 being actively exploited have been detected.

Staying Safe

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) advises that users who installed or updated the affected operating systems in March immediately roll back to XZ Utils 5.4.6 version and be on alert for any malicious activity. It is recommended to change the passwords in the case of a distribution where a weak version of XZ Utils has been installed. 

The Yara rule has been released to detect any infected systems by CVE-2024-3094 Vulnerability. 

Conclusion

The discovery of the XZ Utils backdoor provides a reminder to be vigilant in the open source software environment. This supply chain attack highlights the importance of strong security measures, elaborate code reviews, and regular distribution of security updates to provide shield against such vulnerabilities. Always staying informed and taking the necessary precautions, Linux users can mitigate the potential impact of this vulnerability to keep their systems safe.

References : 

• https://thehackernews.com/2024/03/urgent-secret-backdoor-found-in-xz.html 
• https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2024/03/29/cve-2024-3094-linux-backdoor/ 
• https://www.kali.org/blog/about-the-xz-backdoor/ 
• https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/cve-2024-3094-vulnerability-backdoor/50873/ 
• https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/04/01/etr-backdoored-xz-utils-cve-2024-3094/ 

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