NGate: Android Malware Exploiting NFC Technology
Introduction:
A new Android malware called NGate is capable of stealing money from payment cards through relaying the data read by the Near Field Communication (“NFС”) chip to the attacker’s device. NFC is a device which allows devices such as smartphones to communicate over a short distance wirelessly. In particular, NGate allows forging the victims’ cards and, therefore, performing fraudulent purchases or withdrawing money from ATMs. .
About NGate Malware:
The whole purpose of NGate malware is to target victims’ payment cards by relaying the NFC data to the attacker’s device. The malware is designed to take advantage of phishing tactics and functionality of the NFC on android based devices.
Modus Operandi:
- Phishing Campaigns: The first step is spoofed emails or SMS used to lure the users into installing the Progressive Web Apps (“PWAs”) or the WebAPKs presented as genuine banking applications. These apps usually have a layout and logo that makes them look like an authentic app of a Targeted Bank which makes them believable.
- Installation of NGate: When the victim downloads the specific app, he or she is required to input personal details including account numbers and PIN numbers. Users are also advised to turn on or install NFC on their gadgets and place the payment cards to the back part of the phone to scan the cards.
- NFCGate Component: One of the main working features of the NGate is the NFCGate, an application created and designed by some students of Technical University of Darmstadt. This tool allows the malware to:
- Collect NFC traffic from payment cards in the vicinity.
- Transmit, or relay this data to the attacker’s device through a server.
- Repeat data that has been previously intercepted or otherwise copied.
It is important to note that some aspects of NFCGate mandate a rooted device; however, forwarding NFC traffic can occur with devices that are not rooted, and therefore can potentially ensnare more victims.
Technical Mechanism of Data Theft:
- Data Capture: The malware exploits the NFC communication feature on android devices and reads the information from the payment card, if the card is near the infected device. It is able to intercept and capture the sensive card details.
- Data Relay: The stolen information is transmitted through a server to the attacker’s device so that he/she is in a position to mimic the victim’s card.
- Unauthorized Transactions: Attackers get access to spend money on the merchants or withdraw money from the ATM that has NFC enabled. This capability marks a new level of Android malware in that the hackers are able to directly steal money without having to get hold of the card.
Social Engineering Tactics:
In most cases, attackers use social engineering techniques to obtain more information from the target before implementing the attack. In the second phase, attackers may pretend to be representatives of a bank that there is a problem with the account and offer to download a program called NGate, which in fact is a Trojan under the guise of an application for confirming the security of the account. This method makes it possible for the attackers to get ITPIN code from the sides of the victim, which enables them to withdraw money from the targeted person’s account without authorization.
Technical Analysis:
The analysis of malicious file hashes and phishing links are below:
Malicious File Hashes:
csob_smart_klic.apk:
- MD5: 7225ED2CBA9CB6C038D8
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.B
csob_smart_klic.apk:
- MD5: 66DE1E0A2E9A421DD16B
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.C
george_klic.apk:
- MD5: DA84BC78FF2117DDBFDC
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.C
george_klic-0304.apk:
- MD5: E7AE59CD44204461EDBD
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.C
rb_klic.apk:
- MD5: 103D78A180EB973B9FFC
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.A
rb_klic.apk:
- MD5: 11BE9715BE9B41B1C852
- Classification: Android/Spy.NGate.C.
Phishing URLs:
Phishing URL:
- https://client.nfcpay.workers[.]dev/?key=8e9a1c7b0d4e8f2c5d3f6b2
Additionally, several distinct phishing websites have been identified, including:
- rb.2f1c0b7d.tbc-app[.]life
- geo-4bfa49b2.tbc-app[.]life
- rb-62d3a.tbc-app[.]life
- csob-93ef49e7a.tbc-app[.]life
- george.tbc-app[.]life.
Analysis:
Broader Implications of NGate:
The ultramodern features of NGate mean that its manifestation is not limited to financial swindling. An attacker can also generate a copy of NFC access cards and get full access when hacking into restricted areas, for example, the corporate offices or restricted facility. Moreover, it is also safe to use the capacity to capture and analyze NFC traffic as threats to identity theft and other forms of cyber-criminality.
Precautionary measures to be taken:
To protect against NGate and similar threats, users should consider the following strategies:
- Disable NFC: As mentioned above, NFC should be not often used, it is safe to turn NFC on Android devices off. This perhaps can be done from the general control of the device in which the bursting modes are being set.
- Scrutinize App Permissions: Be careful concerning the permission that applies to the apps that are installed particularly the ones allowed to access the device. Hence, it is very important that applications should be downloaded only from genuine stores like Google Play Store only.
- Use Security Software: The malware threat can be prevented by installing relevant security applications that are available in the market.
- Stay Informed: As it has been highlighted, it is crucial for a person to know risks that are associated with the use of NFC while attempting to safeguard an individual’s identity.
Conclusion:
The presence of malware such as NGate is proof of the dynamism of threats in the context of mobile payments. Through the utilization of NFC function, NGate is a marked step up of Android malware implying that the attackers can directly manipulate the cash related data of the victims regardless of the physical aspect of the payment card. This underscores the need to be careful when downloading applications and to be keen on the permission one grants on the application. Turn NFC when not in use, use good security software and be aware of the latest scams are some of the measures that help to fight this high level of financial fraud. The attackers are now improving their methods. It is only right for the people and companies to take the right steps in avoiding the breach of privacy and identity theft.
Reference:
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/ngate-android-malware-relays-nfc-traffic-to-steal-cash/
- https://therecord.media/android-malware-atm-stealing-czech-banks
- https://www.darkreading.com/mobile-security/nfc-traffic-stealer-targets-android-users-and-their-banking-info
- https://cybersecuritynews.com/new-ngate-android-malware/
Related Blogs
Introduction
Deepfake technology, which combines the words "deep learning" and "fake," uses highly developed artificial intelligence—specifically, generative adversarial networks (GANs)—to produce computer-generated content that is remarkably lifelike, including audio and video recordings. Because it can provide credible false information, there are concerns about its misuse, including identity theft and the transmission of fake information. Cybercriminals leverage AI tools and technologies for malicious activities or for committing various cyber frauds. By such misuse of advanced technologies such as AI, deepfake, and voice clones. Such new cyber threats have emerged.
India Topmost destination for deepfake attacks
According to Sumsub’s identity fraud report 2023, a well-known digital identity verification company with headquarters in the UK. India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have become an important participants in the Asia-Pacific identity fraud scene with India’s fraud rate growing exponentially by 2.99% from 2022 to 2023. They are among the top ten nations most impacted by the use of deepfake technology. Deepfake technology is being used in a significant number of cybercrimes, according to the newly released Sumsub Identity Fraud Report for 2023, and this trend is expected to continue in the upcoming year. This highlights the need for increased cybersecurity awareness and safeguards as identity fraud poses an increasing concern in the area.
How Deeepfake Works
Deepfakes are a fascinating and worrisome phenomenon that have emerged in the modern digital landscape. These realistic-looking but wholly artificial videos have become quite popular in the last few months. Such realistic-looking, but wholly artificial, movies have been ingrained in the very fabric of our digital civilisation as we navigate its vast landscape. The consequences are enormous and the attraction is irresistible.
Deep Learning Algorithms
Deepfakes examine large datasets, frequently pictures or videos of a target person, using deep learning techniques, especially Generative Adversarial Networks. By mimicking and learning from gestures, speech patterns, and facial expressions, these algorithms can extract valuable information from the data. By using sophisticated approaches, generative models create material that mixes seamlessly with the target context. Misuse of this technology, including the dissemination of false information, is a worry. Sophisticated detection techniques are becoming more and more necessary to separate real content from modified content as deepfake capabilities improve.
Generative Adversarial Networks
Deepfake technology is based on GANs, which use a dual-network design. Made up of a discriminator and a generator, they participate in an ongoing cycle of competition. The discriminator assesses how authentic the generated information is, whereas the generator aims to create fake material, such as realistic voice patterns or facial expressions. The process of creating and evaluating continuously leads to a persistent improvement in Deepfake's effectiveness over time. The whole deepfake production process gets better over time as the discriminator adjusts to become more perceptive and the generator adapts to produce more and more convincing content.
Effect on Community
The extensive use of Deepfake technology has serious ramifications for several industries. As technology develops, immediate action is required to appropriately manage its effects. And promoting ethical use of technologies. This includes strict laws and technological safeguards. Deepfakes are computer trickery that mimics prominent politicians' statements or videos. Thus, it's a serious issue since it has the potential to spread instability and make it difficult for the public to understand the true nature of politics. Deepfake technology has the potential to generate totally new characters or bring stars back to life for posthumous roles in the entertainment industry. It gets harder and harder to tell fake content from authentic content, which makes it simpler for hackers to trick people and businesses.
Ongoing Deepfake Assaults In India
Deepfake videos continue to target popular celebrities, Priyanka Chopra is the most recent victim of this unsettling trend. Priyanka's deepfake adopts a different strategy than other examples including actresses like Rashmika Mandanna, Katrina Kaif, Kajol, and Alia Bhatt. Rather than editing her face in contentious situations, the misleading film keeps her look the same but modifies her voice and replaces real interview quotes with made-up commercial phrases. The deceptive video shows Priyanka promoting a product and talking about her yearly salary, highlighting the worrying development of deepfake technology and its possible effects on prominent personalities.
Actions Considered by Authorities
A PIL was filed requesting the Delhi High Court that access to websites that produce deepfakes be blocked. The petitioner's attorney argued in court that the government should at the very least establish some guidelines to hold individuals accountable for their misuse of deepfake and AI technology. He also proposed that websites should be asked to identify information produced through AI as such and that they should be prevented from producing illegally. A division bench highlighted how complicated the problem is and suggested the government (Centre) to arrive at a balanced solution without infringing the right to freedom of speech and expression (internet).
Information Technology Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw stated that new laws and guidelines would be implemented by the government to curb the dissemination of deepfake content. He presided over a meeting involving social media companies to talk about the problem of deepfakes. "We will begin drafting regulation immediately, and soon, we are going to have a fresh set of regulations for deepfakes. this might come in the way of amending the current framework or ushering in new rules, or a new law," he stated.
Prevention and Detection Techniques
To effectively combat the growing threat posed by the misuse of deepfake technology, people and institutions should place a high priority on developing critical thinking abilities, carefully examining visual and auditory cues for discrepancies, making use of tools like reverse image searches, keeping up with the latest developments in deepfake trends, and rigorously fact-check reputable media sources. Important actions to improve resistance against deepfake threats include putting in place strong security policies, integrating cutting-edge deepfake detection technologies, supporting the development of ethical AI, and encouraging candid communication and cooperation. We can all work together to effectively and mindfully manage the problems presented by deepfake technology by combining these tactics and adjusting the constantly changing terrain.
Conclusion
Advanced artificial intelligence-powered deepfake technology produces extraordinarily lifelike computer-generated information, raising both creative and moral questions. Misuse of tech or deepfake presents major difficulties such as identity theft and the propagation of misleading information, as demonstrated by examples in India, such as the latest deepfake video involving Priyanka Chopra. It is important to develop critical thinking abilities, use detection strategies including analyzing audio quality and facial expressions, and keep up with current trends in order to counter this danger. A thorough strategy that incorporates fact-checking, preventative tactics, and awareness-raising is necessary to protect against the negative effects of deepfake technology. Important actions to improve resistance against deepfake threats include putting in place strong security policies, integrating cutting-edge deepfake detection technologies, supporting the development of ethical AI, and encouraging candid communication and cooperation. We can all work together to effectively and mindfully manage the problems presented by deepfake technology by combining these tactics and making adjustments to the constantly changing terrain. Creating a true cyber-safe environment for netizens.
References:
- https://yourstory.com/2023/11/unveiling-deepfake-technology-impact
- https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/deepfake-alert-priyanka-chopra-falls-prey-after-rashmika-mandanna-katrina-kaif-and-alia-bhatt-2472293-2023-12-05
- https://www.csoonline.com/article/1251094/deepfakes-emerge-as-a-top-security-threat-ahead-of-the-2024-us-election.html
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/hc-unwilling-to-step-in-to-curb-deepfakes-delhi-high-court/articleshow/105739942.cms
- https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-among-top-targets-of-deepfake-identity-fraud-2472241-2023-12-05
- https://sumsub.com/fraud-report-2023/
Introduction
Uttar Pradesh's state government has taken significant step to promote e-sports, organised games played on video or digital formats, under its new sports policy. The plan includes setting up an e-sports centre in the state, providing basic infrastructure to athletes in every district, and including them under various beneficiary schemes. Schools and colleges will also be asked to promote e-sports. The government sees e-sports as a crucial tool for connecting with young people and a significant market for businesses, game developers, and sports organisations. An awareness program will be held at high school and college levels to educate children about the benefits of e-sports. A talent search and skill development model will be created by studying the national and international e-sports ecosystem.
Recognition to E-Sports
The Uttar Pradesh cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, has approved the New Sports Policy 2023 to promote and foster a sports culture in the state. The policy focuses on various aspects, including physical fitness and training, and supports the development of new institutions and connecting schools, colleges, and private academies with sports. The state government has also incorporated provisions from other states to help athletes chase their goals.
The state's first-ever sports policy, establishing a primary fund of 10 crore for the Uttar Pradesh Sports Development Fund (UPSDF). The policy also inducted e-sports, becoming the first state in India to have e-sports in its official policy. E-sports refers to competitive and organized video game events, and the Centre has officially recognised it.
Key highlights of the Uttar Pradesh Sports Policy 2023
The government's sports department, with the help of the industrial directorate, will plan to promote sports goods manufacturing in the state, with Meerut being one of the main clusters.
The policy also promises to increase the participation of women in sports. Para-athletes will be accommodated in all schemes of the sports department, and special coaches will be appointed for para-sports.
Athletes who have represented the state at national and international levels will be part of the state pension scheme, receiving monthly pensions and preference for university admission and jobs under the sports quota. Cash prizes will be awarded based on international performance and will be increased for those who help these athletes win medals at the top level.
Way forward
The policy promises financial assistance to sports associations and academies, allowing them to expand their infrastructure and training facilities. The state will also establish 14 centres of excellence, each centred around a particular sport, through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models. The state sports authority will be established, on the lines of the Sports Authority of India (SAI). A State Sports Development Fund will be put in place to provide assistance to weak players, associations, or academies. Five high-performance centres will be built in the state, providing training facilities for high-performance athletes.
The policy also includes provisions for financial assistance to budding athletes, providing health insurance coverage of up to Rs 5 lakh for registered players and funds from the Eklavya Sports Fund for injury treatment. Players will receive training based on their skill power, with three categories: grassroots players, elite-class players, and elite-class players. Other notable aspects of the policy include establishing sports centres in each district, promoting local and indigenous sports, encouraging the sports industry, promoting e-sports, providing better facilities in hostels, forming committees for international players, encouraging schools to start sports nurseries or academies, and forming a committee for the Khelo India University Games which is a largest ever competition held at university level in India.
Conclusion
Uttar Pradesh's New Sports Policy 2023 is a significant step towards sports development, integrating e-sports into its sports promotion strategies. Under Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, the state government is committed to sports infrastructure development, talent identification, and athlete support systems. The policy emphasises inclusivity, accommodating para-athletes, and providing financial assistance, training, and health insurance coverage for athletes. Initiatives include establishing sports centres, promoting indigenous sports, encouraging private investments, and fostering collaboration between educational institutions and sports academies. The policy also encourages for organising and hosting national and international level e-sports competitions in the state. This forward-looking approach aims to harness the full spectrum of sporting opportunities, empowering citizens and elevating its standing in national and international sporting arenas.
References:
Overview:
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) officially revealed on the 31st of July 2024 that its client C-Edge Technologies had been subject to a ransomware attack. These circumstances have caused C-Edge to be separated from retail payment systems to eliminate more threats to the national payment systems. More than 200 cooperative and regional rural banks have been affected leading to disruptions in normal services including ATM withdrawals and UPI transactions.
About C-Edge Technologies:
C-Edge Technologies was founded in the year 2010 especially to meet the specific requirements of the Indian banking and other allied sectors accentuating more on the cooperative and the regional rural banks. The company offers a range of services such as Core Banking Solutions by functioning as the center of a bank where customers’ records are managed and accounting of transactions takes place, Payment Solutions through the implementation of payment gateways and mobile banking facilities, cybersecurity through threat detection and incident response to protect banking organizations, data analytics and AI through the analytics of big banking data to reduce risks and detect frauds.
Details of Ransomware attack:
Reports say, this ransomware attack has been attributed by the RansomEXX group which primarily targeted Brontoo Technology Solutions, a key collaborator with C-Edge, through a misconfigured Jenkins server, which allowed unauthorized access to the systems.
The RansomExx group also known as Defray777 or Ransom X utilized a sophisticated variant known as RansomEXX v2.0 to execute the attack. This group often targets large organizations and demands substantial ransoms. RansomEXX uses various malware tools such as IcedID, Vatet Loader, and PyXie RAT. It typically infiltrates systems through phishing emails, exploiting vulnerabilities in applications and services, including Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The ransomware encrypts files using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with the encryption key further secured using RSA encryption. This dual-layer encryption complicates recovery efforts for victims. RansomEXX operates on a ransomware-as-a-service model, allowing affiliates to conduct attacks using its infrastructure. Earlier in 2021, it attacked StarHub and Gigabyte’s servers for ransome.
Impact due to the attack:
The immediate consequences of the ransomware attack include:
- Service Disruption: This has negative implications to consumers especially the citizens who use the banks to do their day to day banking activities such as withdrawals and online transactions. Among the complaints some of them relate to cases where the sender’s account has been debited without the corresponding credit to the receiver account.
- Isolation Measures: Likely, NPCI is already following the right measures as it had disconnected C-Edge from its networks to contain the proliferation of the ransomware. This decision was made as a precautionary measure so that all functional aspects in a larger financial system are safeguarded.
Operations resumed:
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) said it has restored connectivity with C-Edge Technologies Ltd after the latter’s network connection was severed by NPCI over security concerns that were evaluated by an external forensic auditing firm. The audit affirmed that all affected systems were contained in order to avoid the occurrence of ransomware attack contagion. All the affected systems were localized in C-Edge’s data center and no repercussion was evidenced regarding the infrastructure of the cooperative banks or the regional rural banks that are involved in the business. Both NPCI and C-Edge Technologies have resumed normalcy so that the banking and financial services being offered by these banks remain safe and secure.
Major Implications for Banking Sector:
The attack on C-Edge Technologies raises several critical concerns for the Indian banking sector:
- Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities: It also shows the weak linkages which are present within the technology system that help smaller sized banks. Nevertheless, the service has been offered by C-Edge regarding their cybersecurity solution, this attack evidence that the securities required should improve in all types of banks and banking applications.
- Financial Inclusion Risks: Co operative and regional rural banks also have its importance in the financial inclusion especially in rural and semi urban areas. Gradually, interruptions to their services pose a risk to signal diminished improvement in financial literacy for the excluded groups contrary to the common year advancement.
- Regulatory Scrutiny: After this event, agencies such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) may enhance the examination of the banking sector’s cybersecurity mechanisms. Some of the directives may even require institutions to adhere to higher compliance measures regarding the defense against cyber threats.
Way Forward: Mitigation
- Strengthening Cybersecurity: It is important to enhance the cyber security to eliminate this kind of attacks in the future. This may include using better threat detection systems, penetration testing to find the vulnerabilities, system hardening, and network monitoring from time to time.
- Transition to Cloud-Based Solutions: The application of adaptations in cloud solutions can contribute to the enhancement in operative efficiency as well as optimization in the utilization of resources. The security features of cloud should be implemented for safety and protection against cyber threats for SMEs in the banking sector.
- Leveraging AI and Data Analytics: Development of the AI-based solutions for fraud and risk control means that bank organizations get the chance to address threats and to regain clients’ trust.
Conclusion:
This ransomware attack in C-Edge Technologies in the banking sector provides a warning for all the infrastructures. Initial cleanup methodologies and quarantining are effective. The continuous monitoring of cyber security features in the infrastructure and awareness between employees helps to avoid these kinds of attacks. Building up cyber security areas will also effectively safeguard the institution against other cyber risks in the future and fortify the confidence and reliability of the financial system, especially the regional rural banks.
Reference:
- https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/c-edge-technologies-a-deep-dive-into-the-indian-fintech-powerhouse-hit-by-major-cyberattack-439657-2024-08-01
- https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/customers-at-several-small-sized-banks-affected-as-tech-provider-c-edge-suffers-ransomware-attack/article68470198.ece
- https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/ransomware-attack-disrupts-over-200-co-operative-banks-regional-rural-banks-19452521.htm
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ransomware-breach-at-c-edge-impacts-transactions-for-cooperative-banks/articleshow/112180914.cms
- https://www.emsisoft.com/en/blog/41027/ransomware-profile-ransomexx/
