DPDP 2023 - A Netizen’s Perspective

Introduction

The recent inauguration of the Google Safety Engineering Centre (GSEC) in Hyderabad on 18th June, 2025, marks a pivotal moment not just for India, but for the entire Asia-Pacific region’s digital future. As only the fourth such centre in the world after Munich, Dublin, and Málaga, its presence signals a shift in how AI safety, cybersecurity, and digital trust are being decentralised, leading to a more globalised and inclusive tech ecosystem. India’s digitisation over the years has grown at a rapid scale, introducing millions of first-time internet users, who, depending on their awareness, are susceptible to online scams, phishing, deepfakes, and AI-driven fraud. The establishment of GSEC is not just about launching a facility but a step towards addressing AI readiness, user protection, and ecosystem resilience.

Building a Safer Digital Future in the Global South

The GSEC is set to operationalise the Google Safety Charter, designed around three core pillars: empowering users by protecting them from online fraud, strengthening government cybersecurity and enterprise, and advancing responsible AI in the platform design and execution. This represents a shift from the standard reactive safety responses to proactive, AI-driven risk mitigation. The goal is to make safety tools not only effective, but tailored to threats unique to the Global South, from multilingual phishing to financial fraud via unofficial lending apps. This centre is expected to stimulate regional cybersecurity ecosystems by creating jobs, fostering public-private partnerships, and enabling collaboration across academia, law enforcement, civil society, and startups. In doing so, it positions Asia-Pacific not as a consumer of the standard Western safety solutions but as an active contributor to the next generation of digital safeguards and customised solutions.

Previous piloted solutions by Google include DigiKavach, a real-time fraud detection framework, and tools like spam protection in mobile operating systems and app vetting mechanisms. What GSEC might aid with is the scaling and integration of these efforts into systems-level responses, where threat detection, safety warnings, and reporting mechanisms, etc., would ensure seamless coordination and response across platforms. This reimagines safety as a core design principle in India’s digital public infrastructure rather than focusing on attack-based response. 

CyberPeace Insights

The launch aligns with events such as the AI Readiness Methodology Conference recently held in New Delhi, which brought together researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders to discuss ethical, secure, and inclusive AI implementation. As the world grapples with how to deal with AI technologies ranging from generative content to algorithmic decisions, centres like GSEC can play a critical role in defining the safeguards and governance structures that can support rapid innovation without compromising public trust and safety. The region’s experiences and innovations in AI governance must shape global norms, and the role of Tech firms in doing so is significant. Apart from this, efforts with respect to creating digital infrastructure and safety centres addressing their protection resonate with India’s vision of becoming a global leader in AI. 

References

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• https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/google-safety-engineering-centre-india-inaugurated-in-hyderabad/article69708279.ece 
• https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/google-launches-safety-charter-to-secure-indias-ai-future-flags-online-fraud-and-cyber-threats-480718-2025-06-17?utm_source=recengine&utm_medium=web&referral=yes&utm_content=footerstrip-1&t_source=recengine&t_medium=web&t_content=footerstrip-1&t_psl=False
• https://blog.google/intl/en-in/partnering-indias-success-in-a-new-digital-paradigm/ 
• https://blog.google/intl/en-in/company-news/googles-safety-charter-for-indias-ai-led-transformation/
• https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/google-rolls-out-hyderabad-hub-for-online-safety-launches-first-indian-google-safety-engineering-centre/articleshow/121928037.cms?from=mdr

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Smart Wearable devices are designed to track several activities in defined parameters and are increasingly becoming a part of everyday life. According to Markets and Markets Report, the global wearable tech market is projected to reach a staggering USD 256.4 billion by 2026. One of the main areas of use of wearable devices is health, including biomedical research, health care, personal health practices and tracking, technology development, and engineering. These wearable devices often include digital health technologies such as consumer smartwatches that monitor an individual's heart rate and step count, and other body-worn sensors like those that continuously monitor blood glucose concentration. 

Wearable devices used by the general population are getting increasingly popular. Health devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches enable continuous monitoring of personal health. Privacy is an emerging concern due to the real-time collection of sensitive data. Vulnerabilities due to unauthorised access or discrimination in case of information being revealed without consent are the primary concerns with these devices. While these concerns are present a lot of related misinformation is emerging due to the same. 

While wearable devices typically come with terms of use that outline how data is collected and used, and there are regulations in place such as EU Law GDPR, such regulations largely govern the regulatory compliances on the handling of personal data, however, the implementation and compliances by the manufacturer is a one another aspect which might present the question on privacy protection. In addition, beyond the challenge of regulatory compliance, the rise of myths and misinformation surrounding wearable tech presents a separate issue. 

Common Misconceptions About Privacy with Wearable Tech

• With the rapid development and growth of wearable technology their use has been subject to countless rumours which fuel misinformation narratives in the minds of general public. Addressing these misconceptions and privacy concerns requires targeted strategies.
• A prevalent misconception is that they are constantly spying on users. While wearable devices collect users’ data in real time, their vulnerability to unauthorised access is similar to that of a non-wearable device.  The issue is of consent when it comes to wearable technology because it gives the ability to record.  If permissions are not asked when a person is being recorded then the data is accessible to external entities.
• There is a common myth that wearable tech is surveillance tool. This is entirely a conjecture. These devices collect the user data with their prior consent and have been created to provide them with real-time information, most commonly physical health information. Since users choose the information shared, the idea of wearable tech serving as a surveillance tool is unfounded.
• Another misconception about wearable tech is that it can diagnose medical conditions. These devices collect real-time health data, such as heart rate or activity levels, they are not designed for medical diagnosis. The data collected may not always be accurate or reliable for clinical use to be interpreted by a healthcare professional. This is mainly because the makers of these devices are not held to the safety and liability standards that medical providers are.
• A prevalent misconception is that wearable tech can cure health issues, which is simply untrue. Wearable tech devices are essentially tracking the health parameters that a user sets. It in no way is a cure for any health issue that one suffers from. A user can manage their health based on the parameters they set on the device such as the number of steps that they walk, check on the heart rate and other metrics for their mental satisfaction but they are not a cure to treat diseases. Wearable tech acts as alerts, notifying users of important health metrics and encouraging proactive health management.

Addressing Privacy and Health Concerns in Wearable Tech

Wearable technology raises concerns for privacy and health due to the colossal amount of personal data collected. To address these, strong data protection measures are essential, ensuring that sensitive health information is securely stored and shared only with consent. Providing users with control over their data is one of the ways to build user trust. It includes enabling them to opt in, access, or delete the data in question. Regulators should establish clear guidelines, ensuring wearables ensure the compliances with data protection regulations like HIPPA, GDPR or DPDP Act, whichever is applicable as per the jurisdiction. Furthermore, global standards for data encryption, device security, and user privacy should be implemented to mitigate risks. Transparency in data usage and consistent updates to software security are also crucial for protecting users' privacy and health while promoting the responsible use of wearable tech.

CyberPeace Insights

• Making informed decisions about wearable tech starts with thorough research. Start by reading reviews and comparing products to assess their features, compatibility, and security standards. 
• Investigate the manufacturer’s reputation for data protection and device longevity. Understanding device capabilities is crucial. One should evaluate whether the wearable meets their needs, such as fitness tracking, health monitoring, or communication features. Consider software security and updates, and data accuracy when comparing options.  Opt for devices that offer two-factor authentication for an additional layer of security.
• Check the permissions requested by the accompanying app; only grant access to data that is necessary for the device's functionality. Always read the terms of use to understand your rights and responsibilities regarding the use of the device. Review and customize data-sharing settings for better control to prevent unauthorised access.
• Staying updated on the tech is equally important. A user should follow the advancements in wearable technology be it regular security updates, or regulatory changes that may affect privacy and usability. This ensures getting tech that aligns with user lifestyle while meeting privacy and security expectations.

Conclusion

Privacy and Misinformation are key concerns that emerge due to the use of wearable tech designed to offer benefits such as health monitoring, fitness tracking, and personal convenience. It requires a combination of informed decision-making by users and stringent regulatory oversight to overcome the issues that emerge due to misinformation about these devices. Users must ensure they understand the capabilities and limitations of their devices, from data accuracy to privacy risks. Additionally, manufacturers and regulators need to prioritise transparency, data protection, and compliance with global standards like GDPR or DPDP to build trust. As wearable tech continues to evolve, a balanced approach to innovation and privacy will be essential in fostering its responsible and beneficial use for all.

References

1. https://thehealthcaretechnologyreport.com/privacy-data-security-concerns-rise-as-healthcare-wearables-gain-popularity/ 
2. https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000104
3. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/wearable-electronics-market-983.html?gclid=Cj0KCQjwgMqSBhDCARIsAIIVN1V0sqrk6SpYSga3rcDtWcwh8npZ08L0_s4X91gh7yPAa6QmsctB-lMaAlpqEALw_wcB 
4. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-information-management/article/health-data-on-the-go-navigating-privacy-concerns-with-wearable-technologies/05DAF11EFA807051362BB39260C4814C

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Introduction

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If we look at the concept of scams, they have existed for as long as human societies have. A few decades ago, it was quite common to see scams being carried out in the form of fake landline calls, forged documents or persuasive salesmen. And ‘trust’, being the fundamental aspect of human interaction, has been at the forefront of such interactions. This ‘trust’ factor has been consistently exploited by nefarious individuals all over the world through various acts of deception and a plethora of fraudulent activities. 

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As the years have gone by, the very same scamming methods have simply shifted mediums. They have transitioned from the geographies of markets and doorsteps to the virtual world of smartphones and digital devices. The senior citizens of today are sitting at a juncture where they come equipped with the ‘habits’ and ‘understanding’ of the offline world. And this is why in today’s technologically driven and fast paced digital environment, they are being targeted via ‘unfamiliar’ digital mediums and tactics, making them highly susceptible to cyber frauds and online scams.  

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Back in the simpler days, it wasn’t too difficult to catch the whiff of a scammer. One could pick up on their practiced speech patterns, spot their overly polished and formal tone or their sheepish body language and even notice the minute inconsistencies in their statements. This back-and-forth communication would take place in real time, over phone calls and even face to face. 

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But the scenario today is worse. Since our reliance on digital devices has expanded at an unparalleled pace, it has become all the more difficult to distinguish between what’s fake and what’s genuine. All of a sudden, our entire essential daily activities have become encompassed in the realm of the digital world, ranging from banking, shopping, healthcare to everyday communication. And to further exacerbate the situation, today’s scammers have quietly adapted to this newfound circumstance, as they hide behind screens.

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Fake messages or emails can be easily mistaken for being ‘real’ in the current modern digital age. Especially for senior citizens, this shift is presenting a serious challenge. They are being forced to evaluate authenticity and legitimacy through links, messages and apps that basically all look familiar. For example, the logo in an online correspondence might seem to be genuine or its language might look official and credible. At first glance, even the format or the layout of an email or a message may seem familiar enough to not raise any suspicion. This is the point where the danger lies. When there are no warning signs, no rude tones, no spelling errors and no weird behaviour. It becomes very difficult for people to tell what’s real and what’s a trap, especially for the seniors. And in that brief period of confusion, scammers manage to fool people into divulging personal information, clicking dangerous links or even parting with their hard-earned money.

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What makes the senior population so vulnerable?
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Trapped in the Convenience of Digital Dependence

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As the senior population embraces the new and sophisticated digital tools of today, alongside they are also risking their exposure to the online world of cyber security risks and cyber criminals. New devices such as smartphones and tablets do offer unprecedented convenience but they also come with various underlying dangers. Modern technology has made everyday tasks quite easy. Smartphone based UPI applications, bank applications and even online healthcare platforms have simplified life not just for the elderly, but for everyone across society. But many senior citizens may not be as well versed with the usage of these technologies and the digital risks they carry. They may get influenced easily or they may not exercise the same level of caution as the younger generations (who have literally grown up being surrounded by the dynamics of technology). This ‘familiarity gap’ adds up to the vulnerability of seniors. Without any prior visible warning signs they can easily end up getting exposed to online scams, fraudulent transactions and data misuse.

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Cybercriminals’ Goldmine: Cash-rich Seniors

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Although a person’s vulnerability towards becoming a target or a victim of a cyber crime is mostly shaped by their circumstance and not by age alone. But still, from the point of view of a cyber criminal, senior citizens do seem to be the perfect victims. Most of them are retired and financially sound with lifetime savings, consistent pensions, accumulated assets and anticipated income streams. As they enjoy their solid financial footing, they may not keep a regular check on their online banking accounts and financial records. This ‘financial ease’ can inadvertently make them more prone to cyber crimes, especially when they are simultaneously getting increasingly dependent on digital tools. This lack of oversight may allow suspicious activities or fraudulent transactions to go unnoticed and sometimes even lead to huge losses of money. This is where digital literacy comes in. Keeping the seniors well informed on the safe usage of the internet can significantly lower their chance of getting intertwined in an online scam. It has therefore become crucial to promote and encourage regular account checks, setting up of alerts and foster awareness regarding common online threats that can help seniors safeguard their hard-earned resources. 

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India itself witnessed an increase of 86% from the years 2020 to 2022 in cyber crime cases related to senior citizens. 

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Targeting the Psychological Aspects: Panic, Overwhelm, Manipulation and Isolation

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Senior citizens are often at an age and stage in life where their routines slow down and the general pace of life shifts towards a gentler rhythm. Thought processes may not be as swift as they used to be, some may even experience mild cognitive decline and many live alone or away from their children or immediate support systems. Research also shows that aging can lead to low memory function which in turn can increase an individual’s susceptibility to digital traps such as phishing emails and financial abuse. According to a comprehensive analysis of senior fraud victims, it has been noted that victimisation increases with advancing age. There are significant associations between fraud victimisation and human cognitive factors, such as: diminished executive functioning, reduced ability of the brain to process information and even impairments in comprehending complex everyday information.

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Cybercriminals, who are aware of these soft spots, deliberately exploit the seniors’ psychological and mental space. They strategically deploy methods that create confusion and cognitive overload. They may create a fictitious scenario depicting some kind of ‘urgency’ and use the elderly’s ‘panic response’ to their advantage. They may create false warnings of a blocked bank account, a missed or delayed medical update or inform them of a sudden (but fake) legal issue. They aim at creating a situation of ‘overwhelm, anxiety and severe distress’. And it is common knowledge that when fear encapsulates an individual, the process of rational decision making deeply gets affected. In this scenario elderly victims often fall for the cyber criminals’ malicious antics and end up complying with them without actually verifying their intent and authenticity. 

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The senior population of the current times was raised in an era where they were rarely taught to question authoritative figures. This is where ‘manipulation’ steps in. The concept of manipulation thrives on the sense of ‘authority, power, position and trust’. Cyber fraudsters use this mechanism and convincingly impersonate government representatives, senior bank officials, healthcare providers, etc. They may project credibility and legitimacy by using authoritative sounding language, creating a sense of power over the victim and manipulating them. 

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Another important factor that scammers leverage to their advantage is ‘isolation’. A lot of seniors live alone or just with their spouse, with no immediate support systems nearby. They navigate and tread their daily routines on their own, trying hard to adapt to the dynamic digital world.  This life of solitude or isolation leaves them in a vulnerable state. They may not even have someone to talk to, or get a second opinion, or even guidance regarding some suspicious online activity that they may be experiencing. This state of isolation combined with their limited digital competence creates the perfect stance for a cybercriminal to manipulate these individuals.

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Understanding this psychological dimension has become critical to prevent cyber crimes amongst the elderly. Proper awareness campaigns, reassurance, encouragement of think-and-verify habits can reduce the occurrence of such scams and protect our senior citizens.

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Clickbait Cures, Bogus Health Remedies and Expensive False Hopes 

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It is a known fact that for most senior citizens, their health ranks highest in the list of their priorities. They are always on the lookout for information regarding treatments, medications, dietary supplements and even wellness programs. In an effort to live a healthy and fuller life in this digital age, unknowingly, senior citizens can become easy targets for cybercriminals.

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The internet is flooded with eye-catching headlines, ads and clickbaits that promise quick relief and miracle cures. Their wordings may appear like: ‘miracle joint and arthritis relief’, ‘reverse diabetes in seven days’, ‘secret anti-ageing formulas that doctors won’t divulge’, etc.  These promises seem all flashy and shiny, but the reality is generally painful. Elderly people can easily get attracted to such ads. Scammers use reassuring language that instantly appeals to the seniors’ attention and their emotions. They create fake doctor profiles or publish fabricated patient reviews with overly dramatised testimonials and false research. In order to seem authentic, some scammers may even use the names and logos of respectable health institutions and organisations such as the ‘World Health Organisation’. They claim to sell products like miracle pills, teas, devices, virtual health services, etc., all at extremely high prices along with pressure inducing statements such as: ‘offer ends tonight’ or ‘only 20 spots left’. 

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When the elderly fall for this scam and end up paying the amount, either the promised product doesn’t turn up or it proves to be completely ineffective. In worst case scenarios, it may even harm the user’s health. These bogus health products are not regulated by any health association or authority. They may contain unsafe ingredients, incorrect dosages and other toxic substances that can severely impact the elderly’s health. An adverse reaction can take place or an existing medical condition may worsen. What begins as a hopeful step towards better health can eventually lead to loss of finances, physical harm and a deep sense of disappointment and hurt.

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Sharing of card details, Adhaar numbers, insurance and medical reports on fake websites can further lead to identity theft and other dangerous  cyber crimes.

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Protection starts with simple habits. And here families have a big role to play. Making our senior citizens aware of this scenario is the first step. Education brings along ‘awareness’, and with awareness comes ‘caution and confidence’. Teaching the seniors to be wary of any warning signs, to not share any personal or financial details online and to make sure to consult a doctor first before starting any new treatments, are a few ways that can definitely help in reducing the risk of such scams. 

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Risky Digital Routines: Overexposure and Oversharing 

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The senior citizens of today are heavily invested in their daily digital routines. They stay virtually connected through various messaging apps (such as WhatsApp), they eagerly curate and maintain their digital identities on online platforms (such as Instagram and Facebook) and they regularly use emails to share messages, articles and forwards within their social circles. Many of us have seen it in our own family groups, that the seniors are the most enthusiastic lot. They are the first to send in their morning salutation messages, photos and other daily updates. This eagerness reflects both their genuine commitment towards staying in touch and also the pure joy that they derive from being active members of these online communities. It is important to understand that these platforms don’t just serve as mere communication tools for them. Beyond messaging and sharing of updates, these online spaces offer a sense of community, belongingness and self-expression to the elderly. 

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But these everyday digital routines can cause an overexposure to the virtual world which further creates opportunities for scammers. Clicking on unfamiliar links, downloading unknown softwares and giving quick responses to alerts and notifications (without first identifying the source), are a few examples of how seniors end up getting embroiled in risky situations. At the same time, online oversharing of personal details such as addresses, birthdays, travel plans, family updates, phone numbers, even investment plans, etc., can seem to be quite harmless on the face of it. But all of this information builds a goldmine for the scammers. They may be able to piece it together and use it to send highly convincing phishing emails, create fake online offers or even impersonate a loved one. 

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Senior citizens also tend to take online messages at face value. AI generated videos, images, false news, etc., are all generally shared under the garb of sensational claims or urgent warnings and are therefore easily assumed to be true, especially by the elderly. They may not even take a minute to factcheck the information and instead may forward it to ten other people in their circle. 

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The above risks can significantly be reduced by practicing safer digital habits. Seniors should be mindful in their digital usage. Pausing and thinking before clicking on a link, fact checking a piece of news, using strong privacy settings and trusted apps, etc., can help protect both their personal data as well as their digital wellbeing. 

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Silent Suffering: Shame, Underreporting and Systemic Gaps

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Research suggests that senior citizens do not always report a cybercrime. This can be due to shame, self blame, ridicule, fear of being judged as incompetent and a general opinion that even if they report it, nothing will come out of it. They may feel embarrassed about getting deceived, believing that they should have known better. This may create an emotional burden which further amplifies underreporting. Informing their family members or just reaching out for some help can seem like a mammoth task for them. 

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Existing institutional gaps in our systems compounds this silent suffering. While there are law enforcement and consumer protection agencies in place, but the first step, which is the ‘reporting mechanism’, can seem to be inaccessible or too overbearing for the seniors. These systems may not have a very proactive outreach and can fail to tackle the distinct set of challenges faced by the seniors (such as clear guidance on scams or support for recovering lost funds).  

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This combination of ‘shame, underreporting and weak system support’ creates a dangerous cycle. Senior citizens are left as open prey, exploited and repeatedly targeted without sufficient help or any recognition for their plight. 

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The Way Forward

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Society has to first acknowledge and identify the inimitable vulnerabilities of the seniors. This cycle can be broken by developing information drives that are specially tailored for the seniors. Moreover, along with family involvement, user friendly reporting channels and stronger protections from fraudulent online practices, seniors can see a ray of hope.

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Targeted training programs, senior friendly cybersecurity workshops and courses can be a starting point. Teaching them about password creations, safe browsing tactics, phishing recognition and specific mentor-led sessions can empower them with the basic understanding of the online world. 

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Being able to navigate the digital world with adequate competence and confidence, and without the fear of exploitation, is ultimately what every senior citizen needs. 

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References

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• https://www.staysafeonline.org/articles/why-do-scammers-target-older-adults
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12074955/
• https://cybersecurityasia.net/rise-cyber-crime-targeting-older-adults/
• https://news.ufl.edu/2024/06/older-adults-vulnerable-to-scams/
• https://oklaw.org/resource/why-are-older-people-vulnerable-to-scams
• https://www.crimrxiv.com/pub/g7u4rb9v
• https://www.norc.org/research/library/majority-of-older-adults-experience-cyber-abuse-in-their-lifetim.html
• https://www.sbigeneral.in/blog/cyber-insurance/cyber-tips-and-tricks/how-senior-citizens-can-avoid-internet-scams

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